2018-soft-3d-renderer/Source/Engine.cpp

#include "Camera.hpp"
#include "Color.hpp"
#include "Engine.hpp"
#include "Geometry.hpp"
#include "Light.hpp"
#include "Loader.hpp"
#include "Matrix.hpp"
#include "Render.hpp"
#include "Transform.hpp"
#include "Vec.hpp"
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>


unsigned long constexpr CheckBit(uint32_t x, unsigned long bit)
{
	return x & (1UL << bit);
}

static Mesh mesh;
static Camera camera;
static Light light;
static Matrix tPersp;
static Matrix tScreen;
static EngineMemory memory;


static void ComputeNormals();
static void CheckInputs(uint32_t input);
static void ClearDepthBuffer();
static void TransformToClipSpace();
static void ClipAndCull();
static void TransformToScreenSpace();
static void LightMesh();


int EngineInit(char* objFilename, char* mtlFilename)
{
	int result;


	result = ParseOBJ(objFilename, memory);
	if (result < 0)
	{
		return -1;
	}


	result = ParseMTL(mtlFilename, memory);
	if (result < 0)
	{
		return -1;
	}


	printf("Verts: %lu\n", memory.localVerts.size);
	printf("Faces: %lu\n", memory.localFaces.size);
	printf("Materials: %lu\n", memory.materials.size);

	memory.transVerts.size = memory.localVerts.size;


	// Compute vertex and face normals for lighting calculation
	ComputeNormals();


	// Mesh configuration
	mesh.position.z = 200;
	mesh.position.y = -100;
	mesh.scale = 1.0f;


	// Light configuration
	light.position = Point(-300.0f, 200.0f, 0.0f);
	light.color = ColorF32(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
	light.intensity = 2.0f;
	light.falloffConstant = 1.0f;
	light.falloffLinear = 0.001f;


	// Transformation matrices that do not change
	tPersp = Transform_Perspective(camera);
	tScreen = Transform_Screen(camera);


	return 0;
}

void EngineRender(EngineBuffer& buffer, uint32_t input)
{
	// Check for user input
	CheckInputs(input);


	// Clear the z-buffer
	ClearDepthBuffer();


	// Transform vertices to clip space
	TransformToClipSpace();


	// Clip near/far Z and cull backfaces
	ClipAndCull();


	// Light vertices and/or faces
	LightMesh();


	// Transform vertices to screen space
	TransformToScreenSpace();


	// Render
	Render(buffer, memory);
}

void EngineShutdown()
{
}


// PRIVATE FUNCTIONS
static void CheckInputs(uint32_t input)
{
	if (CheckBit(input, TRANSLATE_X_POS))
	{
		light.position.x += 10;
	}
	else if (CheckBit(input, TRANSLATE_X_NEG))
	{
		light.position.x -= 10;
	}

	if (CheckBit(input, TRANSLATE_Z_POS))
	{
		light.position.z += 10;
	}
	else if (CheckBit(input, TRANSLATE_Z_NEG))
	{
		light.position.z -= 10;
	}

	if (CheckBit(input, TRANSLATE_Y_POS))
	{
		light.position.y += 10;
	}
	else if (CheckBit(input, TRANSLATE_Y_NEG))
	{
		light.position.y -= 10;
	}

	if (CheckBit(input, ROTATE_X_POS))
	{
		mesh.rotation.x += 0.10f;
	}
	else if (CheckBit(input, ROTATE_X_NEG))
	{
		mesh.rotation.x -= 0.10f;
	}

	if (CheckBit(input, ROTATE_Y_POS))
	{
		mesh.rotation.y += 0.10f;
	}
	else if (CheckBit(input, ROTATE_Y_NEG))
	{
		mesh.rotation.y -= 0.10f;
	}

	if (CheckBit(input, ROTATE_Z_POS))
	{
		mesh.rotation.z += 0.10f;
	}
	else if (CheckBit(input, ROTATE_Z_NEG))
	{
		mesh.rotation.z -= 0.10f;
	}

	if (CheckBit(input, SCALE_UP))
	{
		light.color.b = 0.0f;
		light.color.g = 0.0f;
		light.color.r = 1.0f;
	}
	else if (CheckBit(input, SCALE_DOWN))
	{
		light.color.b = 1.0f;
		light.color.g = 1.0f;
		light.color.r = 1.0f;
	}
}


static void ComputeNormals()
{
	VertexList& verts = memory.localVerts;
	FaceList& faces = memory.localFaces;

	int vertexNormalCount[VERTEX_LIMIT] = {};

	for (size_t f = 0; f < faces.size; ++f)
	{
		Face& face = faces.data[f];

		Vertex& vert0 = verts.data[face.vertIndex[0]];
		Vertex& vert1 = verts.data[face.vertIndex[1]];
		Vertex& vert2 = verts.data[face.vertIndex[2]];


		Vector v01 = vert1.position - vert0.position;
		Vector v02 = vert2.position - vert0.position;

		Vector normal = Vector::Cross(v01, v02);

		// Add each vertex's normal to the sum for future averaging
		vert0.normal += normal;
		vert1.normal += normal;
		vert2.normal += normal;

		++vertexNormalCount[face.vertIndex[0]];
		++vertexNormalCount[face.vertIndex[1]];
		++vertexNormalCount[face.vertIndex[2]];
	}

	for (size_t v = 0; v < verts.size; ++v)
	{
		if (vertexNormalCount[v] > 0)
		{
			// Compute the average normal for this vertex
			verts.data[v].normal /= static_cast<float>(vertexNormalCount[v]);
			verts.data[v].normal.Normalize();
		}
	}
}


static void ClearDepthBuffer()
{
	memset(memory.zbuffer, 0, sizeof(memory.zbuffer));
}


static void TransformToClipSpace()
{
	VertexList& localVerts = memory.localVerts;
	VertexList& transVerts = memory.transVerts;

	Matrix tTranslate = Transform_Translate(mesh.position);
	Matrix tRotate = Transform_Rotate(mesh.rotation);
	Matrix tScale = Transform_Scale(mesh.scale);
	Matrix tView = Transform_View(camera);

	for (size_t v = 0; v < localVerts.size; ++v)
	{
		transVerts.data[v].position =
			localVerts.data[v].position * tScale * tRotate * tTranslate * tView * tPersp;

		transVerts.data[v].normal =
			localVerts.data[v].normal * tScale * tRotate * tTranslate;
	}
}

void ClipAndCull()
{
	FaceList& localFaces = memory.localFaces;
	FaceList& transFaces = memory.transFaces;
	VertexList& verts = memory.transVerts;

	int faceIndex = 0;

	for (size_t f = 0; f < localFaces.size; ++f)
	{
		Face& face = localFaces.data[f];

		Point& p0 = verts.data[face.vertIndex[0]].position;
		Point& p1 = verts.data[face.vertIndex[1]].position;
		Point& p2 = verts.data[face.vertIndex[2]].position;

		// Ignore this face if its Z is outside the Z clip planes
		if ((p0.z < -p0.w)
		    || (p0.z > p0.w)
		    || (p1.z < -p1.w)
		    || (p1.z > p1.w)
		    || (p2.z < -p2.w)
		    || (p2.z > p2.w))
		{
			continue;
		}


		// Calculate the face's normal (inverted for Blender-compatibility)
		Vector v01 = p1 - p0;
		Vector v02 = p2 - p0;
		Vector normal = -Vector::Cross(v01, v02);

		// Eye vector to viewport
		Vector view = camera.position - p0;

		float dot = Vector::Dot(normal, view);

		// Not a backface; add it to the list
		if (dot < 0.0f)
		{
			transFaces.data[faceIndex] = face;
			++faceIndex;
			transFaces.size = (size_t)faceIndex;
		}
	}
}

static void TransformToScreenSpace()
{
	VertexList& verts = memory.transVerts;

	for (size_t v = 0; v < verts.size; ++v)
	{
		verts.data[v].position *= tScreen;
		verts.data[v].position.x /= verts.data[v].position.w;
		verts.data[v].position.y /= verts.data[v].position.w;
		verts.data[v].position.z /= verts.data[v].position.w;
	}
}

static void LightMesh()
{
	VertexList& verts = memory.transVerts;
	FaceList& faces = memory.transFaces;
	MaterialList& materials = memory.materials;

	for (size_t f = 0; f < faces.size; ++f)
	{
		Face& face = faces.data[f];
		Material& material = materials.data[face.materialIndex];

		// Gouraud shading
		for (auto index : face.vertIndex)
		{
			Vertex& vert = verts.data[index];

			vert.color = light.Compute(vert.position, vert.normal, material, camera);
		}
	}
}